Jump to content

LAM Mozambique Airlines

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"LAM Airlines" redirects here. For the South American airline, formerly known as LAN Airlines, see LATAM Airlines.

LAM – Mozambique Airlines
LAM – Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique SARL
IATA ICAO Call sign
TM LAM MOZAMBIQUE
Founded26 August 1936; 88 years ago (1936-08-26) (as DETA - Direcção de Exploração de Transportes Aéreos)
Commenced operations22 December 1937 (1937-12-22)
Hubs
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer programFlamingo Club[1]
SubsidiariesMoçambique Expresso (100%)
Fleet size3
Destinations12
Parent companyGovernment of Mozambique
HeadquartersMaputo, Mozambique
Key peopleAmérico Muchanga (CEO)
Websitewww.lam.co.mz/en

LAM - Mozambique Airlines, S. A. (LAM - Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique, S. A.) or Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique, Ltd.,[2] operating as LAM Mozambique Airlines (Portuguese: LAM Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique), is the flag carrier of Mozambique.[3] The airline was established by the Portuguese colonial government of Mozambique in August 1936 as a charter carrier named DETA - Direcção de Exploração de Transportes Aéreos, and was renamed in 1980 following reorganisation. LAM Mozambique Airlines is based in Maputo,[4] and has its hub at Maputo International Airport.[5] It operates scheduled services in Southern Africa. The company is a member of the International Air Transport Association, and of the African Airlines Association since 1976.[6][7]

History

[edit]
A France-registered McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 wearing LAM Mozambique Airlines markings is seen here at Charles de Gaulle Airport in 1983.
A former LAM Mozambique Airlines Ilyushin Il-62M
LAM Mozambique Airlines Boeing 737-200 Advanced in 2009

Early years

[edit]

The airline was established on 26 August 1936 as DETA – Direcção de Exploração de Transportes Aéreos, as a division of the Department of Railways, Harbours and Airways of the Portuguese colonial government of Mozambique.[8] Charter flights were operated for a short period of time;[9] a regular airmail service commenced on 22 December 1937 using a Dragonfly, a Hornet and two Rapides.[10][11][12] Shortly afterwards, these services started carrying passengers, most of them government officials.[11] Flown with Rapides, the Lourenço Marques–Germinston route was one of the company’s mainstays in the early years; it was operated on a twice-weekly basis, and connected with Imperial Airways services to London.[13][14] In April 1938, the eight-hour-long domestic Lourenço Marques–Inhambane–Beira–Quelimane coastal route was opened.[13] DETA passengers that were flown along the Mozambican coast could also connect with Imperial services at Lourenço Marques. At that time, Imperial Airways ran a service between Cape Town and Cairo that called at Lourenço Marques. Early in 1938, DETA had signed a contract with Imperial for the provision of such feeder services.[11] During the spring, another Hornet was incorporated into the fleet.[11] Also in 1938, the airline acquired three Junkers Ju 52s and two more Rapides.[12] The coastal service was extended farther north in October, reaching Port Amelia.[11] At April 1939, one Drangonfly, one Hornet, three Junkers Ju 52s and six Rapides were part of the fleet.[15] Most of the operations came to a halt following the outbreak of World War II.[11]

A Beira–Salisbury route was launched in February 1947, with scheduled services to Durban and Madagascar also starting by the end of that year.[11] By March 1952 the carrier was operating a 2,000-mile (3,200 km) long route network that included domestic services as well as international ones to Durban, Johannesburg and Salisbury, served with a fleet of six Doves, five Rapides, three Douglas DC-3s, two Lockheed Lodestars, a Lockheed L-14 and a Junkers Ju 52.[16] A new Moçambique–Nampula–Vila Cabral run that called at three more intermediate stops was opened in 1954. The last leg of this service was temporarily suspended when Vila Cabral was excluded from the airline's list of destinations, but flights to the city were later reinstated after Vila Cabral got linked with Beira via Vila Pery, Tete and Vila Coutinho.[11] At March 1955, the carrier's fleet included three DC-3s, six Doves, one Dragon Fly, four Dragon Rapides, two Junkers Ju 52/3s, one Lockheed 14H, two Lodestars and two Horner Moths.[17]

The airline was one of the last worldwide to operate the Junkers Ju 52s on scheduled services.[11] Two of these aircraft were still in its fleet in April 1960, along with three DC-3s, four Doves, three Lodestars and four Rapides that operated a domestic network plus international services to Durban, Johannesburg and Salisbury.[18] DETA started a fleet modernisation in the early 1960s, when three Fokker F27-200s ordered in June 1961, making the airline the 64th customer for the type, had already been handed over to the company by August 1962; the first of them was named "Lourenço Marques" after the capital city of Portuguese East Africa.[19][20] DETA and Air Malawi inaugurated the Beira–Blantyre service in 1964; it was operated in a pool agreement between the two carriers. In 1965, Nova Freizo[nb 1] was added to the route network; in November that year, a service linking Beira with Lourenço Marques was launched. In March 1966, DETA and Swazi Air commenced flying the Lourenço Marques–Manzini run on a joint basis.[11] Two Boeing 737-200s were ordered in 1968 both to complement the three F27s, six DC-3s, one Dove, and one Beaver already in the fleet, and to support the company's regional expansion, that had grown up to five destinations regionally served with the addition of Blantyre and Manzini to the network.[22][23] The first of these machines entered the fleet in 1969.[11] The airline would order two more Boeing 737-200s in the forthcoming years, taking possession of the fourth one in 1973.[24]

Mozambique gained its independence from Portugal in 1975.[11] Intercontinental services started in 1976 serving the Lourenço Marques–Beira–Accra–Lisbon route, at first with a Boeing 707-320, and then with a Boeing 707-320C leased from Tempair International Airlines.[25][26][27] In 1979, a Douglas DC-8 was ordered.[11]

Renaming

[edit]

DETA was Mozambique's flag carrier until 1980.[28] Following allegations of corruption,[29] the airline was restructured and renamed LAM – Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique early that year.[10] Four more Boeing 737-200s were ordered in 1981. The Douglas DC-8-62 that had been ordered at the end of the DETA era arrived in 1982. In 1983, a Douglas DC-10-30 was ordered. Also in 1983, a Maputo–Manzini–Maseru service that was flown using Fokker F27 aircraft was launched in cooperation with Lesotho Airways. The DC-10-30 joined the fleet in 1984, and new services to East Berlin, Copenhagen and Paris were started.[28] At March 1985, the carrier had 1,927 employees. At this time, the DC-10-30 and three Boeing 737-200s (including a convertible one) worked on a route network radiating from Maputo that served Beira, Berlin-Schonefeld, Dar-es-Salaam, Harare, Johannesburg, Lisbon, Lusaka, Manzini, Maseru, Nampula, Paris, Pemba, Sofia and Quelimane.[29] TACV Cabo Verde Airlines leased the DC-10 in the weekends during 1985.[30]

The first Boeing 737-300 entered the fleet in 1991.[31] By April that year, employment was 1,948, and the fleet consisted of two Boeing 737-200s (including a convertible one), one Boeing 767-200ER (plus another one on order) and four CASA 212-200s.[32] The company had returned the 737-300 to the lessor in 1995 because of its inability to afford the leasing costs of the aircraft, and a Boeing 767-200ER would follow the same fate late that year. An ex-Royal Swazi Fokker 100 was leased in October 1996.[31] On 23 December 1998, LAM became a limited company and rebranded as LAM – Mozambique Airlines. [4]

EU ban

[edit]

Like all airlines with an AOC issued in Mozambique, the carrier is banned from operating into the European Union. The ban dates back to April 2011.[33][34][35][nb 2] At that time, the company claimed the Mozambican Civil Aviation Institute was responsible for the actions taken by the European Commission against all Mozambican carriers, and argued that it was an airline with an excellent safety record.[41] Prior to EuroAtlantic Airways launching Boeing 767-300ER operations to Lisbon on LAM's behalf in April 2011,[42][43] the Lisbon–Maputo–Lisbon run was operated by TAP Portugal as a codeshare with LAM.[44][45] The Maputo–Lisbon–Maputo route, originally launched in November 2011, was discontinued from late November that year, ahead of the constitution of a new autonomous division aimed at operating intercontinental routes.[46] As of June 2013, Lisbon was served with Airbus A340 aircraft.[nb 3] As of December 2014, the list of airlines banned in the EU still included LAM.[49] In May 2017, the European Commission removed all airlines certified in Mozambique from their list of banned airlines after an audit confirmed that aviation safety had improved in the country.[50]

Corporate affairs

[edit]

Ownership and subsidiaries

[edit]

As of August 2014, the state holds 91% of the shares and the employees hold the balance.[4] The company Moçambique Expresso, set up in September 1995,[51] is 100% owned by LAM.[52][53]

[edit]

The airline has been loss-making for many years. Full annual reports do not appear to have been published, although financial results are now being released. Otherwise, the main sources for trends are industry and press reports, as shown below (as at year ending 31 December):

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Turnover (MZMm) 5,271 5,382 6,195 4,465
Profit before tax (MZMm) loss loss loss loss loss -2,212 -3,061 -3,631 -6,028
Number of employees 715 909 695 865 831 831
Number of passengers (000s) 612 684 788 640 539 589
Passenger load factor (%) 70 73 66.4 73 70
Number of aircraft (at year end) 7 9 6 6 5 2
Notes/sources [54] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60][61] [60][62] [63][64] [a]
[65][66]
  1. ^ 2020: Activities and income in 2020 were severely reduced by the impact of the coronavirus pandemic


Key people

[edit]

Américo Muchanga was appointed CEO of the company on 10 July 2024.[67]

Destinations

[edit]

As of February 2021, LAM Mozambique Airlines serves nine domestic and three international African routes mainly from its home base at Maputo International Airport.[68]

Codeshare agreements

[edit]

LAM Mozambique Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[69]

Fleet

[edit]
LAM Mozambique Airlines Embraer 190

Current fleet

[edit]

The LAM – Mozambique Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of November 2024):[72]

LAM – Mozambique Airlines fleet
Aircraft In fleet Orders Passengers Notes
C W Y Total
Boeing 737-700 1 — 12 — 120 132[73]
Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 2 — — — 72 72[74] Operated by Moçambique Expresso
Total 3 0

Fleet development

[edit]

The newest aircraft in LAM's fleet is the Embraer 190, the first of which the airline took possession of in August 2009.[75] The carrier received the second aircraft of the type a month later.[76] LAM Mozambique Airlines took delivery of a Boeing 737-500 on lease from GECAS in November 2012.[77] Three Embraer 190s were in operation until November 2013, when one of them crashed in Namibia. In early December, a Boeing 737 was leased to fill the capacity shortage created by the crashed airframe.[78] An order, that had been signed in November 2013, for three Boeing 737-700s valued at US$228 million, was announced in February 2014.[3][79]

Historical fleet

[edit]

The airline previously operated the following aircraft:[80][48]

Accidents and incidents

[edit]

As of 29 November 2013, Aviation Safety Network records seven hull-loss events for the airline. Three of these events occurred in the DETA era, while the other four correspond to LAM. As of November 2013 there has been one fatal accident for LAM proper.[86][87] Following is a list of these events.

Date Location Aircraft Tail number Aircraft damage Fatalities Description Refs
23 February 1944 PortugalQuelimane Lockheed L-14 CR-AAV W/O 13/13 Crashed on takeoff at Quelimane Airport. [88]
12 February 1950 PortugalLagoa Páti Ju 52 CR-AAJ W/O 0/15 Force landing. [89]
27 March 1970 PortugalLourenço Marques F27-200 CR-AIB W/O 3/3 Crashed on a training flight at Lourenço Marques Airport. [90]
27 March 1983 MozambiqueQuelimane Boeing 737-200 C9-BAB W/O 0/110 Undercarriage failure after landing some 400 metres (1,300 ft) short of the runway at Quelimane Airport. [91]
9 February 1989 MozambiqueLichinga Boeing 737-200 C9-BAD W/O 0/108 Overran the runway on landing at Lichinga Airport. [92][93]
5 October 1998 MozambiqueOff Maputo Boeing 747SP ZS-SPF W/O 0/66 Emergency landing, following an engine failure at 5,000 feet (1,500 m) that led to a fire. The aircraft, leased from South African Airways, was due to operate the Maputo–Lisbon route. [94][95]
29 November 2013 NamibiaBwabwata National Park Embraer 190 C9-EMC W/O 33/33 Investigation results indicated that the aircraft was deliberately crashed by the pilot. [96]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The name of the city served was actually Nova Freixo, as shown in a 1968 timetable.[21]
  2. ^ All airlines from Mozambique have been included in the last five lists of airlines banned in the EU released in April[36] and December 2012,[37] July[38] and December 2013,[39] and April 2014.[40]
  3. ^ According to latest timetable available.[47] The fleet composition includes no A340s for LAM Mozambique Airlines.[48]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Flamingo Club". LAM Mozambique Airlines. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
  2. ^ a b "Boeing, LAM - Linhas Aereas de Mocambique Announce Next-Generation 737 Order" (Press release). Boeing. 5 February 2014. Archived from the original on 24 May 2014.
  3. ^ a b c "Company History". LAM Mozambique Airlines. Archived from the original on 2 August 2014. 
  4. ^ "LAM strengthens client support at Maputo International Airport" (Press release). LAM Mozambique Airlines. 30 January 2012. Archived from the original on 17 August 2013.
  5. ^ "Membership". International Air Transport Association. Archived from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
  6. ^ "AFRAA Members". AFRAA. Archived from the original on 25 April 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  7. ^ "World airline directory – DETA Mozambique Airlines". Flight International. 118 (3716): 309. 26 July 1980. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  8. ^ Guttery (1998), p. 129.
  9. ^ a b c d "World Airline Directory – LAM - Linhas Aereas de Moçambique". Flight International. 157 (4722): 91. 4–10 April 2000. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Guttery (1998), p. 130.
  11. ^ a b "Commercial Aviation – Eighteen Rapides". Flight. XXXV (1582): 398. 20 April 1939. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015.
  12. ^ a b "Commercial Aviation: World News – Portugal and Africa". Flight. XXXIII (1533): 477. 12 May 1938. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015.
  13. ^ "Commercial Aviation: World News – Saving a Day in Africa". Flight. XXXIII (1521): 162. 17 February 1938. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.
  14. ^ "Airline companies of the World—Africa – D.E.T.A. Airways". Flight. XXXV (1583): 429. 27 April 1939. Archived from the original on 8 October 2013.
  15. ^ "The World's Airlines – DETA (Divisao de Exploracao des Transportes Aereos)" (PDF). Flight: 593. 16 May 1952. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  16. ^ "World airline directory – Divisao de Exploracao dos Transportes Aeros [sic]". Flight. 67 (2407): 306. 11 March 1955. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013.
  17. ^ "Airlines of the World – Divisao de Exploraçao dos Transportes Aéreos—DETA". Flight International. 77 (2665): 498. 8 April 1960. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013.
  18. ^ "Air commerce..." Flight. 82 (2786): 158. 2 August 1962. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. All three Friendship 200s for DETA of Mozambique have now arrived in Africa. The first aircraft, named "Lourenco Marques" after the provincial capital, is seen on flight test over Zeeland
  19. ^ "Friendships for Portuguese East". Flight. 79 (2729): 910. 29 June 1961. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.
  20. ^ "DETA summer timetable (Effectine November 1968 (1968-11))—L. Marques–Inhambane–Vilanculos–Beira–Quelimane–Tete–V. Coutinho–V. Cabral–N. Freixo–Nampula". Airline Timetable Images. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013.
  21. ^ "737s for DETA". Flight International. 3108 (94): 520. 3 October 1968. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. The Mozambique airline DETA has ordered two Boeing 737-200s for delivery late next year, bringing to 213 the number of 737s sold. DETA has three F.27s and six DC-3s in service for regional operations.
  22. ^ "World airline survey – Direccao de Exploracao dos Transportes Aereos (DETA)". Flight International. 93 (3083): 532. 11 April 1968. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013.
  23. ^ "World airlines update". Flight International. 105 (3389): 232. 21 February 1974. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. DETA ordered and took delivery of a fourth Boeing 737-200 last October.
  24. ^ "World airline directory – DETA Mozambique Airlines (Linhas Aereas de Mocambique)" (PDF). Flight International: 923. 10 April 1976. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  25. ^
  26. ^ "World news – Tempair serves Mozambique" (PDF). Flight International: 4. 3 January 1976. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  27. ^ a b Guttery (1998), p. 131.
  28. ^ a b "World Airline Directory – Linhas Aéreas de Mocambique (LAM)". Flight International. 127 (3953): 93. 30 March 1985. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013.
  29. ^ Guttery (1998), p. 131–132.
  30. ^ a b c d Guttery (1998), p. 132.
  31. ^ a b "World airline directory – Linhas Aereas de Moçambique". Flight International. 147 (4466): 67. 5–11 April 1995. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013.
  32. ^ Kaminski-Morrow, David (19 April 2011). "Mozambique is latest state to face EU blacklist ban". London: FlightGlobal. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012.
  33. ^ Buyck, Cathy (20 April 2011). "EC bans Mozambique airlines from European airspace". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
  34. ^ "Mozambique airlines banned from European airports". The Independent. 20 April 2011. Archived from the original on 26 April 2011.
  35. ^ "List of air carriers of which all operations are subject to a ban within the EU" (PDF). European Commission – Mobility & Transport. 3 April 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  36. ^ "List of airlines banned within the EU" (PDF). European Commission. 4 December 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2012.
  37. ^
  38. ^
  39. ^
  40. ^ "Mozambique: IACM Wants 'Further Information' On EU Ban". AllAfrica.com. 20 April 2011. Archived from the original on 10 April 2013.
  41. ^ Buyck, Cathy (2 May 2011). "African airlines say they are 'being progressively destroyed' by EU blacklist". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 6 June 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012. LAM said it will be able to continue offering Maputo-Lisbon service despite Mozambique's addition to the EU blacklist by wet-leasing a Boeing 767-300ER from Portuguese ACMI provider euroAtlantic.
  42. ^ "EC bans Mozambican airlines on safety grounds". Maputo: Bloomberg Businessweek. Associated Press. 19 April 2011. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012. Portugal's EuroAtlantic Airways provides the aircraft, crew and maintenance for twice weekly Mozambique Airlines Maputo-Lisbon flights.
  43. ^ "Mozambique: LAM Resumes Flights to Lisbon". AllAfrica.com. 1 April 2011. Archived from the original on 5 April 2011.
  44. ^ "Mozambique: LAM Plans Flights to Lisbon As From April". AllAfrica.com. 29 December 2010. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024.
  45. ^ "Mozambique: LAM Halts Flights to Lisbon". AllAfrica.com. 10 November 2011. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013.
  46. ^ "Flight Timetable" (PDF). LAM Mozambique Airlines. 23 June – 26 October 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2013.
  47. ^ a b "LAM - Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique Fleet". ch-aviation GmbH. Archived from the original on 11 December 2014.
  48. ^
  49. ^ "Aviation Safety: Commission clears all airlines from Benin and Mozambique from EU Air Safety List". European Commission. 16 May 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  50. ^ "Moçambique Expresso airline receives Embraer 145 airplane". Macauhub. 25 February 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  51. ^ "MEX – Receives a Jet, Embraer 145" (Press release). LAM Mozambique Airlines. 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 29 April 2013.
  52. ^ "Moçambique Expresso". Retrieved 5 October 2017.
  53. ^ a b "Mozambique: National Airline's Operating Profits Up By 15 Per Cent". AllAfrica.com. 5 March 2012.
  54. ^ "Mozambican airline LAM carries 612,000 passengers in 2012". 9 January 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  55. ^ "Annual Report 2014". African Airlines Association. 2014. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  56. ^ "Mozambique's flagship airline carries more passengers in 2014". 4 March 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  57. ^ "Mozambique's LAM airline gets new CEO". Zitamar News. 9 February 2016.
  58. ^ "AFRAA Annual Report 2017" (PDF). AFRAA. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  59. ^ a b "Demonstrações Financeiras - 31 de Dezembro de 2018 (in Portuguese)(Financial Statements to 31 December 2018)". 29 July 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  60. ^ "AFRAA Annual Report 2018" (PDF). AFRAA. 2018.
  61. ^ "AFRAA Annual Report 2019" (PDF). AFRAA. 2019.
  62. ^ "Demonstrações Financeiras - 31 de Dezembro de 2019 (in Portuguese)(Financial Statements to 31 December 2019)". 28 July 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  63. ^ "AFRAA Annual Report 2020" (PDF). AFRAA. 2020.
  64. ^ "Demonstrações Financeiras - 31 de Dezembro de 2020 (in Portuguese)(Financial Statements to 31 December 2020)". 13 October 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  65. ^ "AFRAA Annual Report 2021" (PDF). AFRAA. 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  66. ^ "Mozambique: LAM warns of flight reschedulings". Club of Mozambique. 15 July 2024. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  67. ^ lam.co.mz - Destinations retrieved 12 February 2021
  68. ^ "Profile on LAM – Mozambique Airlines". CAPA. Centre for Aviation. Archived from the original on 31 October 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  69. ^ "LAM Mozambique launches codeshare service with Ethiopian from Feb 2017". Routesonline. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  70. ^ "Mozambican airline LAM and Fastjet sign partnership – Macauhub". Macauhub.com.mo. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  71. ^ "LAM Fleet (Airfleets)". airfleets.net. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  72. ^ "LAM Introduces the Boeing 737 -700NG into its Fleet". LAM Mozambique Airlines. 13 June 2014. Archived from the original on 7 March 2015. 
  73. ^ a b "Aircraft Fleet / Company History / About LAM / Home - LAM". www.lam.co.mz. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  74. ^ "PICTURE: Mozambique's LAM takes first Embraer 190". FlightGlobal. 10 August 2009. Archived from the original on 25 June 2012. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
  75. ^ "Mozambican airline LAM takes delivery of second Embraer 190 aircraft". Macauhub. 9 September 2009. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014.
  76. ^ "GECAS leases 737-500 to LAM Mozambique". FlightGlobal. 21 November 2012. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. 
  77. ^ Yeo, Ghim-Lay (3 December 2013). "LAM leases 737 temporarily after E-190 crash". FlightGlobal. Washington DC. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013.
  78. ^ Moores, Victoria (5 February 2014). "LAM Mozambique orders three Boeing 737-700s". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 5 February 2014.
  79. ^ "SubFleets for: LAM Mozambique". AeroTransport Data Bank. 21 May 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  80. ^ a b c "World Airline Directory – Linhas Aereas de Moçambique (LAM)". Flight International: 106. 24–30 March 1993. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  81. ^ a b c d "Directory: world airlines – Linhas Aereas de Mocambique LAM". Flight International: 90. 19–25 March 2002. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  82. ^ "Global Airline Guide 2017 (Part One)". Airliner World (October 2017): 21.
  83. ^ a b "World Airline Directory | Linhas Aereas de Mocambique (LAM)" (PDF). Flight International: 105. 14–20 March 1990. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
  84. ^ "Other News - 12/16/2008". Air Transport World. 17 December 2008. Archived from the original on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
  85. ^ "Accident record for LAM Mozambique Airlines". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  86. ^ "Accident record for DETA Mozambique Airlines". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  87. ^ Accident description for CR-AAV at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 7 March 2015.
  88. ^ Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 7 March 2015.
  89. ^ Accident description for CR-AIB at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 10 January 2012.
  90. ^ Accident description for C9-BAB at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 January 2012.
  91. ^ Accident description for C9-BAD at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 13 January 2012.
  92. ^ "1989 airline safety so far – Non-fatal accidents/incidents: scheduled passenger flights" (PDF). Flight International. 22 July 1989. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  93. ^ Accident description for ZS-SPF at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 10 January 2012.
  94. ^ "Airline safety review – Non-fatal accidents and incidents: scheduled passenger flights". Flight International: 32. 13–19 January 1999. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  95. ^ Kaminski-Morrow, David (9 December 2014). "LAM 190 probe details pilot's actions during fatal descent". London: FlightGlobal. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. 

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Guttery, Ben R. (1998). Encyclopedia of African Airlines. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-0495-7.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LAM_Mozambique_Airlines&oldid=1260191767"