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Tilla Jogian

Coordinates: 32°51′37″N 73°26′26″E / 32.860346°N 73.440474°E / 32.860346; 73.440474
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Tilla Jogian
ٹلا جوگیاں
The 1st-century BCE Tilla Jogian temple complex
Tilla Jogian is located in Punjab, Pakistan
Tilla Jogian
Shown within Punjab, Pakistan
Tilla Jogian is located in Pakistan
Tilla Jogian
Tilla Jogian (Pakistan)
LocationJhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan
RegionSalt Range
Coordinates32°51′37″N 73°26′26″E / 32.860346°N 73.440474°E / 32.860346; 73.440474
TypeMonastery
Part ofMountain
Length8*4 km (approximately)
Width4
Area8
Height975 meters (Approximately)
History
Founded1st century BCE
Abandoned1947
PeriodsHindu Shahi
CulturesPunjabi Hindu

Tilla Jogian (Punjabi: ٹلا جوگیاں; pronounced [ʈɪˈlaː d͡ʒoːɡiãː]) is an abandoned ancient Hindu temple and monastic complex located on the summit of the eponymous hill in the Salt Range of Punjab, Pakistan. It is the site where earliest compilations of medieval Punjabi literature were produced.

The complex was the most important centre for Hindu jogis in Punjab prior to 1947, and had housed hundreds of ascetics. The site is also important in Sikhism for its association with the founder of the Sikh faith, Guru Nanak.

Location

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The Tilla Jogian complex is located on Punjab's Potohar plateau, approximately 25 km west of the cities of Jhelum and Dina. The complex is located near the Jhelum River and the Grand Trunk Road – the ancient route which connected Central Asia to India. Tilla Jogian is also near the Rohtas Fort, and the Katas Raj Temples – another important Hindu pilgrimage site with a sacred pond that is said to have been created from the teardrops of the Hindu god Shiva.

Tilla Jogian complex is located in Pakistan's Salt Range, on a mountaintop of the same name. The temples are located at an altitude of 975 meters (3200 ft) near the summit of the mountain, resulting in a cooler and wetter climate compared to that of the Punjab plains. The complex is located in an area that is forested with olive trees, pines, and Acacia modesta.[1]

History

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Maharaja Ranjit Singh built a small monument to mark the spot where Guru Nanak meditated during a 40-day stay at the site.

The Kanphata jogi, an ascetic order noted for its members' ear piercings, was founded by Guru Gorakhnath, and was centred at Tilla Jogian.[2]

Tilla Jogian's importance as a Hindu pilgrimage centre attracted the founder of Sikh faith, Guru Nanak who meditated here for 40 days in the early 1500s, since he wanted to understand the ideology of the jogis, and also debate with them regarding their core beliefs.[3] The Mughal Emperor Akbar visited the "Shrine of Balnath," an influential and widely venerated yogi. The shrine was noted by his chronicler Abul Fazal to be "so old" that its origins had become obscure,[4] and that Akbar expressed marvel at the site's old age.[1] The 17th century emperor, Jahangir, also visited the temple complex. Following the collapse of Mughal rule, the complex was sacked and looted by the Pashtun king Ahmad Shah Abdali,[5] during one of his several raids into Punjab.[6] The complex was quickly rebuilt following Abdali's defeat.[1]

Maharaja Ranjit Singh in the late 19th century commemorated the visit of Guru Nanak with the construction of a stone-lined pond, and construction of a small monument to mark the exact spot at which Guru Nanak is said to have usually meditated.[3][7]

Photograph from 1905 of Tilla Jogian complex

During the British Raj, the local deputy commissioner built a bungalow at the site, having been attracted to the site for its cooler weather.[8] The site was considered the most important pilgrimage site for jogis in Punjab prior to the Partition of British India in 1947.[9] Immediately prior to Partition, an annual festival took place on the first day of the Hindu month of Chaitra, during which communal meals were served to all attendees.[8]

Abandonment

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Following Partition, most of the area's Hindu population migrated to the newly independent Republic of India, abandoning the temples which remain neglected until present day. The last priest of the complex was Samandnath Jogi.[8] When riots erupted after Partition, Samandnath Jogi reportedly proceeded onwards to Kangra, India.[8] The Jogi did not return within the 6-month time frame, and so the temple's meagre belongings were auctioned.[8]

Significance

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The site was considered the most important pilgrimage site for jogis in Punjab and was home to hundreds of jogis prior to Partition.[8] Tilla Jogian once also was home to a Brahminical seminary surrounded by extensive residential areas.[10]

Heer Ranjha

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Tilla Jogian is mentioned in the Punjabi poem Heer Ranjha, written by Waris Shah in 1766.[3] Deedho Ranjha, the story's protagonist, who when spending his time on the rebound from heartbreak, sublimating his love and passion in the spiritual world, came here for consolation to his former love. He had his ears pierced here, following the tradition of Guru Goraknath's followers.[11]

Site layout

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Tilla Jogian comprises a complex of Hindu temples housing at least three baths and a network of waterworks with at least two minor dams.

Access

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There are no developed pathways which lead to the complex – visitors must hike and bikers can ride on dirtbikes or trails to the top of the mountain in order to reach the site.[12] Near the top is an old stone pathway named the Poorhiwaala Rah which leads to the temples, after passing the Ratti Banni ravine.[8] There are number of walking trails to reach at the top: one from Rohtas Fort side and the other from Sanghoi, on the Jhelum River side.

Conservation

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Tilla Jogian remains abandoned, and is being reclaimed by the surrounding forest.

Local villagers have scoured the site in order to find coins and souvenirs to sell to visitors.[1] Vandals have also damaged the site, including the monument built by Ranjit Singh to mark the spot where Guru Nanak meditated.[1] As of 2012, the site has become overgrown by olive trees, resulting is a gradual destruction of the site.[1]

Tilla Jogain at sunset (left), viewed from a village across the Jhelum river, in Tehsil Sarai Alamgir of District Gujrat.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Rashid, Salman (20 July 2012). "Tilla Jogian". Express Tribune. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  2. ^ Gorakhnāth and the Kānphaṭa Yogīs, George Weston Briggs, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1938, ISBN 9788120805644, ... The Kanphatas possess many monasteries ... but that at Tilla, in the Panjab, is generally considered to be the chief seat of the Gorkhnathis ...
  3. ^ a b c Bansal, Bobby Singh (2015). Remnants of the Sikh Empire: Historical Sikh Monuments in India & Pakistan. Hay House, Inc. ISBN 9789384544935. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  4. ^ Rashid, Salman (2005). Jhelum: City of the Vitasta. Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9789693517347.
  5. ^ Tilla Jogian Hindu heritage
  6. ^ "Raiding the raiders". Tribune India. 15 July 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  7. ^ "Tilla Jogian". Express Tribune. 20 July 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g "Ranjha's path". The News on Sunday. 31 January 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  9. ^ "Takht-e-Babri, the first Mughal construction in the subcontinent, is grand only in name". Dawn. 5 June 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  10. ^ Malik, Iftikhar Haider (2006). Culture and Customs of Pakistan. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313331268.
  11. ^ The social space of language: vernacular culture in British colonial Punjab, Farina Mir, University of California Press, 2010, ISBN 9780520262690, ... A fourth locale, Tilla Jogian, is the location of Gorakhnath's dera (monastery) and the site of Ranjha's transformation into a yogi ...
  12. ^ "How shrines helped indigenise Islam and Christianity in South Asia". Dawn. 17 February 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
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