Captain Horatio Hornblower
Captain Horatio Hornblower | |
---|---|
Directed by | Raoul Walsh |
Screenplay by | |
Based on | Horatio Hornblower 1939 novel by C. S. Forester |
Produced by | Gerry Mitchell |
Starring | |
Cinematography | Guy Green |
Edited by | Jack Harris |
Music by | Robert Farnon |
Production company | |
Distributed by | Warner Bros. |
Release date |
|
Running time | 117 minutes |
Country | United Kingdom |
Language | English |
Budget | $2,462,000[1] |
Box office | $5,333,000[1] |
Captain Horatio Hornblower is a 1951 British naval swashbuckling war film in Technicolor from Warner Bros., produced by Gerry Mitchell, directed by Raoul Walsh, that stars Gregory Peck, Virginia Mayo, Robert Beatty and Terence Morgan.
The film is based on three of C. S. Forester's Horatio Hornblower novels: The Happy Return (1937), A Ship of the Line (1938), and Flying Colours (1938). Forester is credited with the screen adaptation.
Plot
[edit]In 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars, Royal Navy Captain Horatio Hornblower is given command of the 38-gun frigate HMS Lydia and tasked with a secret mission to Central America: he is to provide arms and support to a local warlord, Don Julian Alvarado, who has organized a rebellion against the colonial authorities of Spain, an ally of Britain's enemy France. Alvarado turns out to be a bloodthirsty megalomaniac who calls himself "El Supremo" ("The Almighty"). Hornblower also learns that a much more powerful warship, the 60-gun Natividad, is en route to suppress the rebellion. When it anchors nearby, Hornblower and his crew board and capture it in a surprise night attack. He then reluctantly surrenders the ship to Alvarado over his own personal feelings of disgust towards the man, and they go their separate ways.
A Spanish lugger then delivers news to Lydia that Spain has switched sides, and Hornblower must deal with Alvarado personally. Two passengers board the Lydia (over Hornblower's strenuous objections): Lady Barbara Wellesley and her maid, fleeing a yellow fever epidemic. As Lady Barbara is the (fictitious) sister of the Duke of Wellington (Historically, Wellesley, in 1807, was not yet the 1st Duke of Wellington as this title was only bestowed upon him in 1814), Hornblower cannot refuse her request for passage to England.
Using superior seamanship and masterful tactics, Hornblower sinks the more powerful Natividad, killing Alvarado and ending the rebellion. When the Lydia's surgeon is killed during the battle, Lady Barbara insists on tending the wounded. She falls gravely ill as a result and Hornblower nurses her back to health. On the voyage back to England, they fall in love. However, when she speaks of her feelings (although she is engaged), Hornblower gently tells her he is married. Later, they meet in a passageway and embrace passionately. She promises her maid's discretion, but he says that they are not free.
After arriving home, Hornblower learns that his wife has died in childbirth, leaving him an infant son. Later, he is given command of the Sutherland, a 74-gun ship of the line captured from the French and is assigned to a squadron commanded by Rear Admiral Leighton. Leighton has just returned from his honeymoon with Lady Barbara. Outside the Admiralty, Lady Barbara tells Hornblower that she did not learn of his wife’s death until she returned from Ireland. Leighton's squadron is ordered to help enforce the British blockade of France.
Hornblower learns that four French ships of the line have broken through the blockade. Leighton assumes they will make for the Mediterranean, but Hornblower suggests that they mean to support Napoleon's campaign on the Iberian Peninsula. Leighton decides to cover both possibilities by detaching one ship to patrol the French coast. When he learns that Hornblower's Sutherland is best suited for this task, having the shallowest draught, he accuses Hornblower of pursuing glory and prize money and gives him strict orders not to engage the French without first summoning the rest of the fleet.
Hornblower's French-built ship is subsequently mistaken for a friendly vessel by a small French brig, which flies the enemy's recognition signal for the day. After capturing the vessel, Hornblower learns from its captain that he is correct: the four ships plan to sail to Spain. In violation of his orders, Hornblower enters the enemy harbor where the French ships are anchored and guarded by a well-armed fort. By flying a French flag, using the recognition signal, and taking advantage of his ship's French design, Hornblower fools the garrison into believing that the Sutherland is friendly. His gun crews dismast all four enemy ships before cannon fire from the fort forces the British to abandon ship. Hornblower scuttles his ship in the channel, bottling up the French ships before he and his surviving crew are taken captive.
As the rest of the British squadron arrives to complete the job, Hornblower, his first officer Bush, and Sutherland coxswain Quist are sentenced to hang for piracy in the center of Paris. They manage to escape and make their way to the port of Nantes, where they crash a party and commandeer the uniforms of three Dutch customs officers so they can board the Witch of Endor, a captured British ship. They overpower the skeleton crew, free a working party of British prisoners of war to man her and sail to England.
Hornblower is hailed as a national hero but learns that Leighton lost his life in the attack on the French fleet. The commander returns home to visit his young son and finds Lady Barbara there. The two embrace.
Cast
[edit]- Gregory Peck as Captain Horatio Hornblower, R.N.
- Virginia Mayo as Lady Barbara Wellesley
- Robert Beatty as First Lieutenant William Bush
- Terence Morgan as Second Lieutenant Gerard
- Moultrie Kelsall as Third Lieutenant Crystal
- James Kenney as Midshipman Longley
- James Robertson Justice as Quist
- Denis O'Dea as Rear Admiral Sir Rodney Leighton
- Richard Hearne as Polwheal
- Michael J. Dolan as Surgeon Gundarson
- Stanley Baker as Mr. Harrison
- Alec Mango as El Supremo/Don Julian Alvarado
- Christopher Lee as the Spanish captain of the Natividad
- Diane Cilento as the voice of Maria, Hornblower's wife
- Alan Tilvern as Admiral Don Jose Hernandez
- John Witty as Captain Entenza
- Anthony Marlowe as Captain Bolton
- Jack Watson as Capt. Sylvester (uncredited)
- Alexander Davion as Spanish officer (uncredited)
- Byron Webster as Seaman (uncredited)
Casting
[edit]Warner Bros. acquired the film rights to the first three Hornblower novels – The Happy Return, A Ship of the Line, and Flying Colours – as a star vehicle for Errol Flynn[2] when they were first published. For reasons that may have included the financial failure of the 1948 Adventures of Don Juan, the growing difficulties of working with the actor, and/or his advancing age,[3] Flynn was not cast. Warner's was already building up Burt Lancaster as their new swashbuckling screen star, but the role of a British sea captain seemed to be outside his range, so Peck was ultimately cast on a loan-out from David O. Selznick, who received screen credit in the opening titles. Virginia Mayo was only cast after a number of high-profile British actresses were either not free or not interested. Peck's personal choice was Margaret Leighton.[4] Studio head Jack Warner found Virginia Mayo more attractive.[5]
Production
[edit]The film was shot at studios inside the United Kingdom, on Mermaid Street in Rye, East Sussex, at HMS Victory and also on location in France.[6][7] El Supremo's Fortress is Fort de Brégançon in France. To save costs, the Hispaniola set from the 1950 Disney film adaptation of Treasure Island was reused as the frigate HMS Lydia. Instead of moving the horizon background in order to simulate movement on the water, the ship itself was rocked. This caused many problems because of the combined weight of ship, crew, and equipment. The Italian brigantine Marcel B. Surdo represented the Witch of Endor for all at-sea exterior footage.[8] The Marcel B. Surdo would also appear in such seafaring films as The Crimson Pirate, The Master of Ballantrae, and John Paul Jones.[9] The explosive and fire effects were supervised by Cliff Richardson.[10]
Premiere and reception
[edit]The film had its worldwide premiere in the presence of Princess Margaret at the Warner Theatre, Leicester Square, London on 12 April 1951. The premiere was in aid of King George's Fund for Sailors and the "Foudroyant" appeal (the presently restored frigate renamed HMS Trincomalee afloat in the Historic Quay, Hartlepool, UK).[11]
Bosley Crowther, critic for The New York Times, said it has "plenty of action ... It may be conventional action, routine in pattern and obviously contrived, with less flavor [of the books] in it than of the workshops of Hollywood. However, it should please those mateys who like the boom of the cannon and the swish of the swords."[12] Bob Thomas said it "is excellent adventure stuff ... the dialogue and action can be stilted at times. But there is enough eye-catching excitement and color to offset that."[13] TV Guide wrote that "Walsh's direction has no time to linger. Guy Green's camerawork and Robert Farnon's jolly score are helpful."[14]
According to Warner Bros' accounts, the film earned $2,598,000 domestically and $2,735,000 foreign. It was the studio's most expensive film of the year but also their most popular.[1] It was the 9th most popular film at the British box office that year.[15]
The film has been well-received by modern critics. The film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives it 7.3 out of 10 and a 100% "fresh" rating.[16]
Other versions
[edit]Peck and Mayo recreated their roles on a one-hour Lux Radio Theater program broadcast on 21 January 1952, which is included as an audio-only feature in the film's DVD release.[17]
Home media
[edit]On March 6, 2007, Warner Home Video released the film on DVD in its original aspect ratio of 1:37:1.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Warner Bros financial information in The William Schaefer Ledger. See Appendix 1, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television (1995), 15:sup1, 1-31 p. 31. doi:10.1080/01439689508604551
- ^ Vagg, Stephen (November 24, 2019). "The Films of Errol Flynn: Part 4 – Going to Seed". Filmink.
- ^ Mark Deming. "Captain Horatio Hornblower Plot Synopsis". Allmovie. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
- ^ "Captain Horatio Hornblower". DVDjournal.com. Retrieved 2 November 2008.
- ^ "Captain Horatio Hornblower (1951) - Articles - TCM.com". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved 2022-11-29.
- ^ "Budget". IMDb. Retrieved 3 July 2006.
- ^ "Locations". IMDb. Retrieved 3 July 2006.
- ^ "Films of the Sea". Archived from the original on 2007-09-04. Retrieved 2007-09-03.
- ^ "Historic Tall Ships Replicas". Retrieved 2007-09-03.
- ^ Action! Fifty Years in the Life of a Union. Published: 1983 (UK). Publisher: ACTT. ISBN 0 9508993 0 5 – Gunpowder and Smoke – Cliff Richardson p129 "My first job as a freelancer was Captain Horatio Hornblower..."
- ^ Original program for this premiere in my possession
- ^ Crowther, Bosley (14 September 1951). "The Screen in Review; 'Captain Horatio Hornblower,' With Gregory Peck in Lead, Opens at the Music Hall". The New York Times.
- ^ Thomas, Bob (15 July 1951). "Capsule Review". The San Bernardino Sun. Associated Press.
- ^ "Captain Horatio Hornblower | TV Guide". TVGuide.com.
- ^ "Vivien Leigh Actress of the Year". Townsville Daily Bulletin. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 29 December 1951. p. 1. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
- ^ Captain Horatio Hornblower
- ^ "Review @ Classic Film Guide". Archived from the original on 2010-10-26. Retrieved 2006-08-17.
External links
[edit]- Captain Horatio Hornblower at IMDb
- Captain Horatio Hornblower at AllMovie
- Captain Horatio Hornblower at the British Film Institute[better source needed]
- Captain Horatio Hornblower at the TCM Movie Database
- Captain Horatio Hornblower at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
- Captain Horatio Hornblower at Rotten Tomatoes
- Captain Horatio Hornblower review at DVD Journal
- Captain Horatio Hornblower (1951) review at Decent Films Guide
- 1951 films
- 1951 romantic drama films
- 1950s historical action films
- 1951 war films
- 1950s adventure drama films
- 1950s war drama films
- British historical action films
- British romantic drama films
- British war drama films
- Films shot at Associated British Studios
- 1950s English-language films
- Films based on British novels
- Films based on historical novels
- Films based on the Hornblower series
- Films based on military novels
- Films based on multiple works of a series
- Films directed by Raoul Walsh
- Films set in 1807
- Films set in Central America
- Seafaring films
- War adventure films
- Warner Bros. films
- 1950s British films
- Films scored by Robert Farnon
- English-language action films
- English-language romantic drama films
- English-language war drama films
- English-language historical films
- English-language adventure drama films